Spiny Lobster (Rock Lobster) Facts

A spiny lobster is any lobster in the family Palinuridae, which includes at least 60 species. These species are grouped into 12 genera, which include Palinurus, Panulirus, Linuparus, and Nupalirus (word play on the family name). There are numerous names for the spiny lobster. Commonly-used names include the rock lobster, langouste, or langusta. It is also sometimes called a crayfish or crawfish, even though these terms also refer to a separate freshwater animal. Fast Facts: Spiny Lobster Scientific Name: Family Palinuridae (e.g. Panulirus interruptus)Other Names: Rock lobster, langouste, langusta, sea crayfish, furry lobsterDistinguishing Features: Shaped like a true lobster, but has long, spiny antennae and lacks large clawsAverage Size: 60 cm (24 in)Diet: OmnivorousLife Span: 50 years or moreHabitat: Tropical oceans worldwideConservation Status: Depends on speciesKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaSubphylum: CrustaceaClass: MalacostracaOrder: DecapodaFun Fact: Spiny lobsters make a rasping sound using friction at the base of their antennae. Description The spiny lobster resembles a true lobster in its shape and hard exoskeleton, but the two types of crustacean arent closely related. Unlike true lobsters, spiny lobsters have extremely long, thick, spiny antennae. They also lack large claws or chelae, although mature female spiny lobsters have a small claw on their fifth pair of walking legs. The average size of a mature spiny lobster depends on its species, but they may exceed 60 centimeters or 2 feet in length. Specimens of many spiny lobster species are red or brown, but some spiny lobsters have mottled patterns and display vivid colors. Some species of spiny lobster are colorful. DigiPub / Getty Images Distribution Spiny lobsters live in tropical oceans worldwide. However, they are most commonly found in the Caribbean and Mediterranean, in coastal waters off Southeast Asia and Australia, and off the coast of South Africa. Behavior The spiny lobster spends most of its time hidden within a rocky crevice or reef, exiting at night to feed and migrate. During migration, groups of up to 50 spin lobsters move in single file, keeping contact with each other with their antennae. They navigate using scent and taste, as well as through their ability to detect the Earths magnetic field. Reproduction and Life Cycle Spiny lobsters reach sexual maturity when they reach the necessary size, which depends on water temperature and food availability. The average age of maturity is between 5 and 9 years for females and 3 and 6 years for males. During mating, males transfer spermatophores directly into the females sternum. The female spiny lobster carries 120,000 to 680,000 fertilized eggs on her pleopods for around 10 weeks until they hatch. Juvenile painted spiny lobster. Hal Beral / Getty Images Spiny lobster larvae are zooplankton that do not resemble adults. The larvae feed on plankton and go through several molts and larval stages. In the case of the California spiny lobster, 10 molts and larval stages take place between hatching and reaching the juvenile form. Juveniles sink to the bottom of the ocean, where they eat small crabs, amphipods, and isopods until they are big enough to take larger prey. It is difficult to gauge the age of a spiny lobster because it gains a new exoskeleton each time it molts, but the animals lifespan is believed to be 50 years or more. Diet and Predators Spiny lobsters are omnivorous, eating live prey, decaying matter, and plants. During the day, they stay hidden in crevices, but at night they may venture from crevices to hunt. Typical prey include sea urchins, snails, crabs, sea hares, mussels, and clams. Spiny lobsters have not been observed eating other members of their own species. The crustaceans navigate and hunt using senses of smell and taste. Humans are the spiny lobsters most significant predator, as the animals are fished for meat. The spiny lobsters natural predators include sea otters, octopuses, sharks, and bony fishes. Sound When threatened by a predator, the spiny lobster flexes its tail to escape backwards and emits a loud rasping sound. The sound is produced using a stick-slip method, like a violin. The sound emanates when the base of the antennae rubs across a file on the antennal plate. Interestingly, the spiny lobster can make this sound even after it molts and its shell is soft. While some insects (e.g. grasshoppers and crickets) produce sounds in a similar fashion, the spiny lobsters specific method is unique. Conservation Status For most spiny lobster species, there is is insufficient data for conservation status classification. Of the species listed on the IUCN Red List, most are categorized as least concern. However, the common spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) is vulnerable with a decreasing population. The Cape Verde spiny lobster (Palinurus charlestoni) is near threatened. The most significant threat to spiny lobsters is over-exploitation by fisheries. Climate change and single catastrophic events also threaten some species, particularly if they live within a restricted range. Sources Hayward, P. J. and J. S. Ryland (1996). Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 430. ISBN 0-19-854055-8.Lipcius, R. N. and D. B. Eggleston (2000). Introduction: Ecology and fishery biology of spiny lobsters. In Bruce F. Phillips J. Kittaka. Spiny Lobsters: Fisheries and Culture (2nd ed.). John Wiley Sons. pp. 1–42. ISBN 978-0-85238-264-6.Patek, S. N. and J. E. Baio (2007). The acoustic mechanics of stick-slip friction in the California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus). Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (20): 3538–3546. doi:10.1242/jeb.009084Sims, Harold W. Jr. (1965). Lets call the spiny lobster spiny lobster. Crustaceana. 8 (1): 109–110. doi:10.1163/156854065X00613

California DMV Written Test Free Essays

California DMV written test #1 1 . It is illegal for a person 21years of age or older to drive with a blood alcohol concentration (bac) that is or higher. a. We will write a custom essay sample on California DMV Written Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0. 08%- Eight hundredths of one percent 2. You must notify DMV within 5 days if you: a. Sell or transfer your vehicle. 3. Highways are typically most slippery: a. When it first starts to rain after a dry spell. 4. A police officer is signaling you to continue driving through a red traffic light. What should you do? a. Do as the officer tells you 5. When planning to pass another vehicle you should: a. Not count on other drivers making room for you. 6. What is the difference between traffic lights with red arrows and those with solid red lights a. You cannot turn on a red arrow, even if you stop first. 7. Which of the following increases your chances of having a collision? a. Continually changing lanes to pass other vehicles. 8. Which of these statements about drugs and driving is true a. Even over-the- counter drugs can impair your driving. 9. You should allow more space in front of your vehicle when following large trucks because: a. You need the extra room to see around the truck. 10. You may cross double yellow lines to pass another vehicle if the: a. Yellow line next to your side of the road is broken. 11. You must use your seat belt: a. And failure to do so will result in a traffic ticket. 12. Which of these statements is true about road work zones? a. You must â€Å"slow for the cone zone†.. 13. Animals may be transported in the back of a pickup truck only if: a. They are properly secured 14. If you drive slower than the flow of traffic, you will most likely: a. Interfere with traffic and receive a ticket. 15. When changing lanes on a freeway, you should: a. Signal for at least five seconds. 16. You want to pass a bicyclist riding on the tight edge of your lane. You: a. Must not squeeze past the bicyclist. 17. At intersection, crosswalks, and railroad crossings, you should always: a. Look to the sides of your vehicle. 18. You want to turn left ahead. In the middle of the road there is a lane marked as shown. You must. a. Merge completely into this lane before you make your left turn. 19. This yellow sign means: a. Merging traffic ahead. 20. You are driving on a city street and see an emergency vehicle with flashing lights behind you. What should you do? a. Drive to the edge of the road and stop. 21 . which statement is true about motorcyclists and motorists a. otorcyclists he same rights/responsibilities as other motorists 22. When making a right turn from a highway with two lanes in your direction, you may turn from. a. The lane nearest the curb or edge of the road. 23. Which of these vehicles must stop before crossing railroad tracks? a. Tank truck marked with hazardous materials placards. 24. If you have trouble seeing other vehicles beca use dust or smoke blowing across the roadway, you should drive slower and turn on your: a. Headlights 25. Large trucks turning right onto a street with two lanes in each direction: a. Often have to use part of the left lane to complete the turn. . You should not start across an intersection if you know you will block the intersection when the lights turn red: a. Under any circumstances. 27. Pedestrians crossing at corners have the right-of-way: a. Whether or not a crosswalk is marked. 28. Which of the following will help you avoid being hit from behind? a. Decreasing your following distance. 29. You want to make a right turn at the corner. A pedestrian with a guide dog is at the corner ready to cross the street in front of you. Before making your right turn, you should: a. Wait until the person crosses the street. 30. Smoking inside a vehicle when a person younger than 18 years of age is present is: a. Illegal at all times. 31 . You must file a report of Traffic Accident Occurring in California (SR 1) with DMV within 10 days if you: a. Are in a collision that causes $750 in damage. 32. When is it legal to use a cell phone without a hands-free device while driving? a. When making a call for emergency assistance. 33. This white sign means: a. Stay in the right lane if you are driving slower than other traffic. 34. You should use your horn when: a. It may help prevent a collision. 35. You are driving on a one-way street. You may turn left onto another one-way street: a. If traffic on the street is moving to the left. 36. At dawn or dusk, or in rain or snow, it can be hard to see and be seen. A good way to let other drivers know you are there is to turn: a. On your headlights. -rest 1. You must notify DMV within 5 days if you: 2. It is illegal for a person 21years of age or older to drive with a blood alcohol 3. You are driving on a five-lane freeway in the lane closest to the center divider. To exit the freeway on the right you should a. Change lanes one at a time until you are in the proper lane. 4 A large truck is driving in the middle ot three lanes. You want to pass the large truck. It is the best to pass: a. Quickly on the left and move ahead of it. 5. You are driving on a divided street with multiple lanes in your direction if you need to make a U-turn, where should you start? a. In the left lane. 6. When you are in a dedicated turn lane controlled by a green arrow, which of the following is true? a. All oncoming vehicles and pedestrians are stopped by red light. 7. Always look carefully for motorcycles before you make a turn because: a. Their smaller size makes them harder to see. 8. When looking ahead of your vehicle while driving, you should: a. Scan your surroundings. 9. Unless otherwise posted, the speed limit in a residential or business district is: a. 25mph 10. There is one lane in your direction and the vehicle ahead of you often slows down for no apparent reason. In this situation you should: a. Increase the following distance between you and the other vehicle. 11. If an oncoming vehicle has started to turn left in front of you: a. Slow or stop to prevent a collision. 12. You should usually drive your vehicle more carefully when you: a. Are near schools, playgrounds, and in residential areas. . This yellow sign means: a. Divided highway ahead. 14. Do not cross double solid yellow lines in the center of the roadway to: a. Pass another vehicle. 15. Where should you stop your vehicle if there is no crosswalk or limit line? a. At the corner. 16. You are approaching an intersection. The traffic signal light is flashing red. What should you do? a. Stop before entering, then proceed when safe. 17. which statement is true about motorcyclists and motorists a. motorcyclists have the same rights/responsibilities as other motorists 18. Use your high-beam headlights at night: a. Whenever it is legal and safe. How to cite California DMV Written Test, Papers

Should parents be blamed for their childs behavior

Effective parenting has never been as important as it is in today’s family setups. This notion stems from the fact effective and proper parenting goes a long way in to shaping how the children will behave in the future and affect the persons and society around them. Psychological and psychosocial studies have for a long time taught us that parenting without a proper basis can definitely result into confusion in the developmental process of any child (Commons and Miller, 2007). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should parents be blamed for their child’s behavior? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why many attempts have been made to improve parenting methods. In deed, effective parenting should the most important job in the life of any parent. Many studies undertaken on the factors affecting child behaviors have found out that parents have the most significant influence in their child’s b ehavior, be it good or bad. Although other factors such as peer influence and other experiences while growing up have been shown to affect the children’s behavior, parental involvement has been numerously cited owing to the level of influence parents have over their children as compared to other factors. Hence, parents are the one who should be blamed for their children’s behavior. Parents have moral and legal responsibilities towards their child. If they set a bad example to their children, they will definitely follow in their steps. In other words, they are the primary teachers and discipliners of their children. Many parents fail not because they are inadequate, nor lack love for their children but because they procrastinate and they give warnings that they do not follow through. Parents should recognize that bringing up well-behaved children requires a thorough comprehension of how their behavior is connected with their child’s behavior. Consequently, they should impart moral values such as respect and discipline to the children. All parents have a responsibility when it comes to raising their children for no one will do it for them. A study undertaken by the NASUWT teachers’ union concluded that lack of parental support is a major crisis behind pupils’ lack of discipline. More than two in three teachers identified lack of support from parents as the most fundamental factor that influences pupils’ behavior. The teachers cited a lack adequate support from the parents to help them in maintaining high standards in pupils’ behaviour, thus they feel let down by the lack of parents’ support in shaping the pupils’ behavior. In fact, some parents even fail to send their children to school with the right material for their learning, for example, books and pens, instead, they allow them to go to school with mobile phones, iPods and MP3 players. Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mobile phones and other electronic gadgets will always cause disruptions in classrooms and this makes the pupils not to concentrate, lading to lower grades. Lack of concentration in the classroom also prevents the children from taking in valuable lessons that could influence their behavior (Vogler, Masters and Merrill, 1970). Although some parents cited lack of funds as a source of their waning influence over their child’s behavior, studies have shown otherwise. Low income families can still influence their children’s behavior by a great margin. Besides, some parents use this excuse as a scapegoat for escaping their parental roles. Some parents pay less attention to their children’s academic activities and hence may not even know whether children are attending classes or not The relationship between a parent and his/her child is a determinant of how well the child will adjust to life ou tside of the home, performance in school, as well as what kind of relationships they will form with people outside the family setup. Most parents have failed to establish close relations with their children. They do not spend adequate time with their children, are always busy with work commitments, and some are very hostile to their children. The relationship between parent and child significantly helps in a child’s emotional and mental development. As parental affection and influence decreases and the amount of time children spend in non-parental care increases, an increased likelihood for behavioral problems both at home and at school is observed.   Parents are critical in every aspect of a child’s development (Cavell and Strand, 2002). They can, and should provide healthy, stable environments for their children besides providing a loving and nurturing relationship with them. All of these aspects are likely to promote behavioral development of a child. Parents a re expected to spend time with their children and are expected to teach their children the behaviors that are embraced or shunned by society. They should be committed to building a strong relationship with their children and must actively contribute to building their children’s self-esteem and self-confidence. Some parents even lack the confidence to face their own children and hence are not able to counsel their children on good behavior.  When parents have a good relationship with their children, they are able to enforce positive values and acceptable standards of good behaviour and ensure that their children embrace these values in their day-to-day lives. Consequently, parents should create time for their children in order to establish a close relationship that can have a long influence on the child’s behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should parents be blamed for their child’s behavior? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Authority, responsibility, discipline, and accountability constitute the foundation of a sensible behavioral structure in all persons. Parents fail to exert these four premises of behaviour in their children and this has gone a long way into shaping their children’s failing to uphold moral values and etiquette. A letdown in the display of proper protocols from parent to child could result into children taking up unwanted habits and if further displays of bad conduct continue to be shown to the child, a potentially criminalized foundation could be laid. Parents do not let their children to be accountable of their mistakes as they always cover them and this makes the children to believe that the act was not wrong. Parents should learn to discipline their children whenever they display bad behavior. Besides, their reaction to their children’s behavior should be that of deterrence and a form of warning. Sometimes parents react p assively. They give in to their children’s misbehavior because they do not feel like confronting the problem and this only worsens the child’s behavioral problems. When parents fail to understand the motives behind their children’s bad or wrong behavior, their children tend to end up in dangerous and catastrophic situations, such as becoming juveniles. They should always evaluate their child’s behaviour, discipline them appropriately, and say no to their demands when necessary (Newman Newman, 2011). A child should learn at an early age that consequences follow undesirable behavior, this will assist the child grow into a productive member of the society. Parents should at times not be blamed for their children’s behaviour for they always try their best to instill good morals in them. It is the wish of all parents to bring up children with good morals. Critiques have argued that parents should not be blamed for their child’s behavior as beha vior is shaped by various environmental aspects. The critics forget that parents are the first people who instill discipline in their children. Hence, whatever foundation they lay on their children will be carried for the rest of their life. Conclusion Parents play a very vital role in their children’s development and the success of the children will mainly depend on the foundations imparted to them by the parents. Most studies shows that parents are to blame for children’s behaviour, hence, parents must take a greater role in shaping their children’s future regarding the embrace of morally acceptable behavior. They must bear in mind that children’s development at home should take precedence. In addition, they must be committed to building a strong relationship with their children and must actively contribute to building their children’s self-esteem and self-confidence. Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Influencing of the child’s behavior should begin with establishing a close relation with their children and making proper use of their authority over their children, but not in a coercive manner. If parents are not held responsible for their children’s behavior, who is to be blamed then? It is their duty to make the children grow into disciplined and responsible members of the society. Reference List Cavell, T.A. and Strand, P.S. (2002). Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations. CA: Thousand Oaks. Commons, M.L. and Miller, P.M. (2007). How Early Negative Caregiving: Experiences Relate to Stage of Attachment. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 13: 14–17. Newman, P. H. and Newman, B. M. (2011). Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. NJ: Prentice Hall. Vogler, R.E., Masters, W.M. and Merrill, G.S. (1970). Shaping cooperative behavior in young children. Journal of Psychology, 74, 181-86. This essay on Should parents be blamed for their child’s behavior? was written and submitted by user Mauricio U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

50 Synonyms for Assistant

50 Synonyms for Assistant 50 Synonyms for Assistant 50 Synonyms for Assistant By Mark Nichol A number of words- many precise in meaning, as well as colorful and/or pejorative- exist to assist you in describing someone who works below another person. Here are fifty synonyms for assistant. 1. accomplice: an assistant, especially in the commission of a crime 2. adjunct: an assistant or associate (also, a short-term or junior faculty member, or something added or joined to another) 3. adjutant: a military officer who is an assistant and secretary to a superior officer 4. aide: an assistant, often in a military or political context (sometimes misspelled aid) 5. aide-de-camp: a military officer who is an assistant to a superior officer 6. apprentice: an assistant training to master a skill 7. attendant: an assistant or servant, or an employee who helps customers (also, someone who attends an event, or something that accompanies something else) 8. auxiliary: a member of a foreign military unit fighting alongside military units of another nation (also, a Catholic bishop subordinate to and not entitled to succeed the bishop of a diocese) 9. coadjutor: an assistant (also, a Catholic bishop subordinate to and often a successor to the bishop of a diocese) 10. cog: an assistant who is one of many or who has a minor role in a company or organization 11. deputy: a substitute or second in command (also, a member of a lower house of a legislative body) 12. domestic: a household servant 13. employee: someone who works for someone else or for a company or organization for pay; also spelled employe 14. factotum: a servant with multiple responsibilities (also, anyone with multiple responsibilities) 15. flunky: a person who performs various small tasks for an important or powerful person; also spelled flunkey and flunkie (also refers to a sycophant) 16. follower: someone in the service of another person 17. gofer: someone who performs errands or other simple tasks for another person (from â€Å"go for†) 18.–19. handmaiden: a female maid or servant; also handmaid (also, something inanimate that exists to assist or serve) 20. help: an employee or helper; often used collectively (â€Å"the help†) 21. helper: an assistant, especially an unskilled laborer who assists a skilled worker 22.–23. helpmate: an assistant who also serves as a companion, or a wife; also helpmeet 24. henchman: a trusted assistant (often used colloquially for a politician’s aide), or a subordinate member of a gang (originally, a page or squire to a nobleman) 25. hireling: someone paid to do an unpleasant or illicit task 26. lackey: a person who performs menial or unpleasant work for another (originally a footman or a general servant; also refers to a sycophant) 27. legman: someone who gathers information and/or runs errands for another person 28. lieutenant: someone who assists and/or substitutes for another person (also, a specific military rank or role) 29–30. maid/maidservant: someone who cleans and performs other tasks for another person (maid also refers to an unmarried girl or woman) 31–33. man Friday: a devoted, efficient assistant; also â€Å"girl Friday† or â€Å"gal Friday† (from the character named Friday in Robinson Crusoe) 34. mate: an assistant to a more skilled person (also various other meanings) 35. menial: a person who does boring or unpleasant work for another person 36. minion: someone who obeys another person 37. number two: a person immediately subordinate to a leader (from military slang) 38. personal assistant: someone who assists another person by performing tasks and running errands 39. retainer: a person who assists in a household 40. right hand: a key assistant 41. second-in-command: a person immediately subordinate to a leader (from military usage) 42. scullion: a kitchen servant 43. second: an assistant, especially to a boxer or a duelist (also various other meanings) 44. second fiddle: someone in a supporting role or with subordinate responsibilities (from an informal reference to the violinist who sits next to the principal violinist in a music ensemble) 45. servant: someone who assists another person in that person’s home, often by cleaning and/or cooking 46. sidekick: someone who assists another person; traditionally refers to an assistant and companion to a heroic character 47. steward: someone who manages someone else’s household and/or property (also, someone who provides food and drinks in an institution or on a vehicle or vessel, or who manages finances or carries out other administrative duties) 48. subordinate: someone who works below someone else 49. swamper: a handyman or helper (also someone inhabiting or familiar with a swampy area) 50. underling: a low-ranking person who works for someone more powerful Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?Quiet or Quite?

A Quick Guide to Getting a Pay Raise

A Quick Guide to Getting a Pay Raise Are you thinking about asking for a raise? Before you do, make sure you have positioned yourself as strongly as possible for a yes. Consider when raises are generally granted at your company. Is it at the end of the year? On the anniversary of your start date? Take a look at the following infographic to determine whether you are ready, or you need to wait a bit for a higher salary. Don’t Do ThisAfter you have decided that you will ask for more money, be careful how you position yourself. Check out the following video from Fast Company to see how you really sound when you ask for a raise.Do ThisSo what’s the right way to ask for a raise? You have to prove your worth to the company. Enter the meeting with a well-thought-out justification for a salary increase. It should be based solely on performance, whether it is exceeding established goals, or bring in new business. Check out the following video to learn how to best ask for a raise.This article is part of Bulk Up Your Career in 2017Â  campaign. Access the entire guide here to help you succeed in 2017.

Neil DeGrasse Tyson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Neil DeGrasse Tyson - Essay Example His passion and advocacy for science is evident in all his undertakings. Technically, Neil deGrasse Tyson is an astrophysicist, and a science communicator regularly seen as the host of special science occasions. The scientific community has heaped numerous academic and honorary degrees to this 56-year-old Tyson. When we talk about Neil deGrasse Tyson, we are talking about a hardcore scientist and a prime-time badass scientist. Neil deGrasse Tyson was born in October 1958, in Manhattan, New York City, United States of America. His father, Cyril deGrasse Tyson, was a sociologist while his mother, Sunchita Feliciano, was a gerontologist. At the age of nine, Neil visited the Hayden Planetarium, the largest planetarium in the world. After returning from his visit, Neil developed an enhanced passion for astronomy. He attended Bronx High School of Science and actively participated in writing and editing the school’s physical sciences magazine (Marne, 19). Neil possessed not only a great passion for astronomy but he was also an excellent communicator. Surprisingly, he had started giving astronomy lectures at the age of fifteen. In the midst of his teenage lectures, Neil deGrasse Tyson was discovered by the iconic astrophysicist Dr. Carl Sagan. Sagan invited him to join an undergraduate degree program at Cornell University but Neil opted to pursue his degree at Harvard University, where he graduated in 1980 with a Bachelor of Arts in Physics (Marne, 25). After receiving the Bachelor’s degree, Neil deGrasse Tyson became distracted by extracurricular activities like wrestling and dancing. Three years later, Neil proceeded to earn the Master of Arts in Astronomy and Master of Philosophy in Astrophysics from the University of Texas and Colombia University respectively and finally received a PhD of Astrophysics in 1991. Technically, Neil deGrasse Tyson completed his academic journey in 1991, and commenced his career in science. In 1992, Neil

Describe rehearsal, exercise, and maintenance of business continuity Assignment

Describe rehearsal, exercise, and maintenance of business continuity - Assignment Example Unique case studies where DR and BC have flourished and become beneficial include the Electric Company, bank, and automotive case studies (Disasterrecovery.Org, n.d.). The situation of the electric company involved instability in the WAN connection that was probably because of an unpredictable ISP service. In response, the company used an alternative FatPipe WARP before getting a larger replacement for the ISP carrier. This was a brilliant idea in the sense that the business continued to operate with a weaker internet connection before the company enhanced its internet strength. The beneficiaries of this plan included the customers and the organization itself. Concerning the European bank, a similar problem was evident when it experienced redundancy in North American VPN. The bank put concerted efforts to rectify the mistake by installing new MPVPN. Surprisingly, the problem was solved and the customers benefited from the disaster recovery in the sense that the bank improved the efficiency of its services (Disasterrecovery.Org, n.d.). Although the two scenarios were unique and unrelated, it is notable that the approach to risk management was very different for both cases. The Electric Company was more credible and practical in its approach in that it acted on mitigation as well as maintenance measures. It means that the European bank has a rather unfortunate disaster recovery approach because customers must have suffered inconveniences at the time of replacements. Consequently, the Electric Company delivered more benefits to its customers because of a proper Business Continuity Plan. On the other hand, the European bank did not have a well-planned recovery procedure (Disasterrecovery.Org,